This project focuses on economic resilience under disasters. It aims to estimate indirect economic losses, including business interruption (BI) and Secondary Indirect Losses caused by disasters, for instance, building damages, critical infrastructure disruptions and supply-chain disruptions, based on economic theories and interdisciplinary knowledge. During this process, the formation mechanism of indirect economic losses is identified, and a comprehensive framework for estimating indirect economic losses is proposed. This research will provide support for decision-making on economic losses mitigation and resilience improvement.